Does strengthening brain waves improve memory?

Strengthening brain waves improve memory

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Introduction

Have you ever wanted to improve your memory? Or did you struggle to remember what you studied?

 Memory uses special patterns of activity in the brain. This experiment tested a new way to create brain wave patterns that help with memory. We wanted to see if we could improve memory by using lights and sounds that teach brain waves to be synchronized. 

People wore special goggles that produced flashes of light and headphones that sounded whistling. This brain trail through a process called drift. This brain gene is placed in a state of synchronization with a particular wavelength pattern of the brain called Theta. People whose brains are trained to be in Theta have better memory than people whose brains have not been trained. We have learned that attraction is a great new way to improve memory.

Memory and brain waves

Remembering is important for everyday life. It helps us with a lot of things, such as remembering homework or knowing the answers to the test. Forgetfulness is normal most of the time, but sometimes it can be due to brain damage or some diseases. 

Our experiences examined the long-term version of memory, which includes things like remembering your first day at school or a friend's birthday party. These memories occur in the brain due to brain cell activity patterns in different brain regions, working together to remember. Brain cells are called neurons, cells in the nervous system, including cells in the brain and spinal cord, that send (and receive) electrical messages with other cells. 

The brain consists of millions of neurons, whose electrical activity patterns are called brain waves. Brain waves resemble waves on the beach: It can be large or small, fast or slow. The speed of brain waves is called frequency in brain recording, how often a signal (or wave) occurs per second, measured by a unit called Hertz, the basic frequency measurement unit, or the number of times the signal (or wave) occurs per second. It is abbreviated as Hz. Hertz. Hertz tells us how often brain waves occur in a second. But to make it easier, brain waves are usually referred to as names. One of the slowest brain waves called slow brain waves, at 4-6 Hz frequency, is common in sleep, relaxation and deep meditation.It occurs four to eight times a second (4-8 Hz). 

Theta occurs when people are very comfortable or while sleeping. A faster brain wave called rapid brain waves, at 12-16 Hz frequency, which is usually associated with waking up and consciousness, occurs 12 to 16 times a second (12-16 Hz). Theta is usually found when people are awake and conscious.

Can the brain be trained to get certain brain waves?

Rhythmic patterns of brain activity can be changed by a process known as circumvention, which syncs brain waves with external stimuli, which can include pulses of light and sound at specific frequencies. Entrainment gently and safely directs the brain to specific brain wave patterns. That is, we can train the brain to work at different frequencies.

 This is like getting a band to play together more quickly or slower, or like tuning on a particular radio station. Entrainment works by giving brain inputs, such as sounds and lights, at the frequency we want it to be in. We can do this using goggles that light up at the exact frequencies we want the brain to be in, or we can use headphones to play sounds (alert sounds) at exactly the right frequency. These methods can drag the brain without damaging it.

In our study, we wanted to see if ingress could improve memory by enhancing theta waves. We got the idea of doing this because our previous studies showed that theta waves occur before a person remembers something correctly [1].

 This was surprising and exciting for scientists, because our discovery means that it is possible to improve a person's memory by changing the brain activity that occurs just before remembering - imagine it! Can strengthening Theta waves improve what people remember? We expected that enhancing theta waves through audiovisual seduction would improve memory.

How did we test our expectations?

Two experiments were conducted to see if strengthening theta waves would improve memory. The first experiment compared the increase in theta waves with an increase in random patterns called random white noise, such as a "snowy" display on television without a signal or a confused radio station where only fixed sounds were heard. The second comparison between enhancing theta waves to enhance beta waves. In both trials, people first studied a list of 200 words, one word at a time. Later, they conducted a memory test in which these same words were blended with 100 new words.

 When the words appeared one by one, participants were asked to remember whether each word had been studied in the first part of the experiment. Between the study and the memory test, there was a 36-minute period of audio-visual entertainment, using headphones, and googles as described above (Figure 1). The glasses obscured everything except flashing lights and headphones that blocked all sounds except those on display. We can control the volume of sounds and the brightness of the lights. The type of audiovisual stimulation depends on the group to which people have been assigned - participants saw and heard theta, beta or random patterns.

Figure 1 - There were three parts of our memory experience.

First, people learn words on the computer screen, one by one. Secondly, they took a break, and received 36 minutes of brain exercises, consisting of lights and sounds. Third, they conducted a memory test, where they saw a set of words they studied, mixed with new words. They were asked to remember whether they had seen every word before, classifying each word as "old" or "new".

In the first trial, 50 people (26 females, 24 males, aged 18-25) were tested. They were evenly divided into two groups. The experimental group received lights and sounds reinforced by theta waves (5 Hz). The control group received a random pattern of lights and flashing sounds (white noise), and used this group as a comparison. None of the participants knew the group in which they were placed. In the second trial, 40 new people (22 females, 18 males, aged 18-26) were tested. Again, they were separated into two groups that received different patterns of infiltration. This time, one group received the consolidation of Theta (5 Hz), and the other group received beta material (14 Hz). This was done to see if training other brain patterns would improve memory as well, or if memory improvement was specific to Theta.

But how do we imagine what is going on in the brains of participants without getting into their heads?

 EEG is a technique for measuring the electrical activity of the brain, using a cover with sensors called electrodes, worn over a person's head. It simply involves putting a cover with sensors called electrodes on a person's head to "measure brain waves in the classroom" [2].

Scientists can compare the results of an electroencephalogram when people remember something successfully versus when they forget. The difference in reading the electroencephalogram tells us what brain activity looks like for memory. Our previous studies found that theta waves in the front of the brain predicted a successful memory. So, in these experiments, we also looked for the activity of Theta at the front of the brain during the trial period when people remembered.

Were our predictions correct?

 Yes

Our first experience showed that the group that received Theta had a better memory than the group receiving random noise (Figure 2). This indicates that audiovisual stimulation in the Tita range improves memory. But how do we know that it was Theta's seduction that made the difference? This is where our second experience came from. 

We wanted to see if memory improved when promoting beta waves, or whether the effect was specific to the Theta group. The results of this second trial showed that only the group that received theta enhancements showed an improvement in memory: the group that received beta stimulation showed no improvement in memory (Figure 2).

Figure 2 - In the first trial, the group that received Theta brain stimulation scored better in the memory test than the group that received white noise.

In the second trial, the group that received theta secretion showed better memory results than the group that received beta secretion. The difference between cloud conditions was statistically contagion, which meant that these differences had a probability of less than 5% due to random coincidence. The lines at the top of each error bar represent the average, and show how different data points are from the average.

The results of the EEG showed that people's brain waves were enhanced by the same patterns as they received from storage devices (Figure 3). This means that people who received theta deviation showed an increase in theta waves during memory testing, and beta locking boosted beta waves (but most importantly - did not improve memory). This was important because it meant that drift was already changing the brain.

Figure 3.

(a) After learning the words, participants received audiovisual intervention of their brain waves using theta (4-6 Hz) or beta (14 Hz) stimuli.

(b) During the memory test, participants' brain waves were recorded using an electroencephalogram. (c) The group that received Theta's stimulation showed higher theta activity during memory testing than the Theta group. This brain map (as if we were looking down on the brain from above) differences theta during memory: subtraction between groups that received either theta stimulation or beta beforehand. The color scale shows Theta's activity during the memory test. Major differences were seen in the front positions surrounded by a circle.

SO WHAT?

We found that gravity can safely manipulate brain waves to improve memory. Each study has some strengths and weaknesses. One of the strengths of this study is that it used two experiments and good control groups for comparisons that excluded alternative possibilities. While this is exciting, there is still a lot of work to be done. For example, one limitation is that we don't know the minimum time needed to join the business, since we tested only 36 minutes of withdrawal. We also don't yet know how long memory improvements last, and it's important to note that they haven't been tested on children yet and that flashing lights may not be safe for people with epilepsy. It should also be remembered that although we have shown that the training of theta waves enhanced subsequent memory results and also enhanced theta's activity in the brain during memory, it improved memory — only because gravity improved memory and later theta waves. However, other studies have shown that memory scores can be caused by different brain waves such as Theta [1, 3-5].

There are many potential and exciting applications for these results in the future. One hope is that we can use intrusion devices to help people with memory disorders. For example, drift can help older people who forget many things, or people with head injuries, or those with diseases affecting memory [3-5]. Attracting brain waves can also help people improve memory performance in normal situations as well. It can help people improve in school, in sports or in their jobs. For example, bypassing can be used to help astronauts who fly in space to avoid memory errors! We are currently conducting research to explore these possibilities, so keep an eye out - better learning and memory may be as simple as getting into the right state of mind. So, "Think of Theta!"

List of terms:

Neurons: ↑ Cells within the nervous system, including cells in the brain and spinal cord, which send (and receive) electrical messages with other cells.

Frequency: ↑ In brain recording, how many times a signal (or wave) occurs per second.

Hertz: ↑ The basic unit for measuring frequency, or the number of times a signal (or wave) occurs per second. It is abbreviated as Hz.

Theta Brain Waves: ↑ Slow brain waves, at 4-6 Hz frequency, are common in sleep, relaxation and deep meditation.

Beta brain waves: ↑ Rapid brain waves at 12-16 Hz frequency, which are usually associated with waking up and consciousness.

Entrainment idea: ↑ Brain waves coincide with external effects, which can include pulses of light and sound at specific frequencies. Entrainment gently and safely directs the brain to specific brain wave patterns.

White Noise: ↑ Random signal such as displaying "snowy" on TV with no signal or mashed radio station that hears only static sounds.

Electroactive (EEG): ↑ Technique to measure the electrical activity of the brain, using a cover with sensors called electrodes, which is worn over a person's head.

Original Source Article: 

↑Roberts, B.M., Clark, A., Addante, R. J., and Ranganath, C. 2018. Entrainment enhances theta oscillations and improves episodic memory. Cogn Neurosci. 9:181–193. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1521386

References:

[1] ↑ Addante, R. J., Watrous, A. J., Yonelinas, A. P., Ekstrom, A. D., and Ranganath, C. 2011. Pre-Stimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:10702–7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1014528108

[2] ↑ van Atteveldt, N., Janssen, T. W. P., and Davidesco, I. 2020. Measuring brain waves in the classroom. Front Young Minds. 8:96. doi: 10.3389/frym.2020.00096

[3] ↑ Hanslmayr, S., Axmacher, N., and Inman, C. S. 2019. Modulating human memory via entrainment of brain oscillations. Trends Neurosci. 42:485–99. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.004

[4] ↑ Eschmann, K. C. J., Bader, R., and Mecklinger, A. 2020. Improving episodic memory: frontal-midline theta neurofeedback training increases source memory performance. NeuroImage. 222:117219. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.04.004